FIKIR KRITIS #5

FIKIR KRITIS category

“Many people would sooner die than think. In fact they do.”

When we talk about thinking, we are using the mental operation to find meanings from experiences. The discrete and simple operation involved is called the thinking skill, whereas the complex and difficult operation is called the thinking process.

Let us look at the types of thinking skills involved. Thinking skills can be divided into two main types:

Critical thinking skill
Creative thinking skill

We will first look at what critical thinking is. Well, critical thinking actually involves the rearranging of concepts with the aim of evaluating certain ideas, issues, things or situations. It involves the ability to understand by way of rebutting statements, making judgments between the good and the bad, collecting information, and discarding hazy meanings and illogical conclusions. For example, in a scientific research, we must conduct an experiment in order to test a theory, hypothesis or principle of something. Through testing and experimentation, our thinking and the mind will make use of the above skills in reaching its aim of evaluating the validity of something.

The critical thinking skill can be further divided into:

the skill to analyze critically
the skill to evaluate critically

The skill to analyze critically improves one's experience and the ability to use the existing information. The skill to evaluate critically, on the other hand, will look into the logic behind the idea.
The other type of thinking, which is, creative thinking, is simply the ability to be original. This means a person has the potential to process information that can produce a new idea that is totally unique.
Creative thinking also involves the ability to produce many ideas, as well as being flexible in accepting and rejecting those ideas. Furthermore, a creative person is never static in his thinking, rather, he is able to elaborate and explain an idea analytically.

So, you see, critical and creative thinking skills are related and are used together while we are thinking. These skills are used when an individual is undergoing two thinking processes:

Decision making
Problem solving

Usually, a person will integrate both the thinking skills when making a decision based on the relevant information or when trying to solve a genuine problem faced. This is in order to evaluate the logic and rationality of every choice made so that the decision can be one that is based on the best option. This is what we call an integration of the process of thinking.

FIKIR KRITIS Critical Thinking Standards
Universal intellectual (Critical Thinking) standards are standards which must be applied to thinking whenever one is interested in checking the quality of reasoning about a problem, issue, or situation. To help students learn them, teachers should pose questions which probe student thinking, questions which hold students accountable for their thinking, questions which, through consistent use by the teacher in the classroom, become internalized by students as questions they need to ask themselves. The ultimate goal, then, is for these questions to become infused in the thinking of students, forming part of their inner voice, which then guides them to better and better reasoning. While there are a number of universal standards, the following are the most significant:

1 Clarity is the gateway standard. If a statement is unclear, we cannot determine whether it is accurate or relevant. In fact, we cannot tell anything about it because we don't yet know what it is saying.

2 Accuracy: A statement can be clear but not accurate, as in “This chicken weighs over 300 pounds."

3 Precision: A statement can be both clear and accurate, but not precise, as in “Yao Ming is tall!" (We don't know how Tall Yao Ming is. E.g. Precise = Yao Ming is 2.29 (7-6) meters tall. )

4 Relevance: A statement can be clear, accurate, and precise, but not relevant to the question at issue. For example, students often think that the amount of effort they put into a course should be used in raising their grade in a course. Often, however, the "effort" does not measure the quality of student learning, and when this is so, effort is irrelevant to their appropriate grade.

5 Depth: A statement can be clear, accurate, precise, and relevant, but superficial (that is, lack depth). For example, the statement "Just say No" which is often used to discourage children and teens from using drugs, is clear, accurate, precise, and relevant. Nevertheless, it lacks depth because it treats an extremely complex issue, the pervasive problem of drug use among young people, superficially. It fails to deal with the complexities of the issue.

6 Breadth: A line of reasoning may be clear accurate, precise, relevant, and deep, but lack breadth (as in an argument from either teacher or student standpoint which gets deeply into an issue, but only recognizes the insights of one side of the question.)

7 Logic: When we think, we bring a variety of thoughts together into some order. When the combination of thoughts are mutually supporting and make sense in combination, the thinking is "logical." When the combination is not mutually supporting, is contradictory in some sense, or does not "make sense," the combination is not logical.

8 Fairness: Critical thinking demands that our thinking be fair: Open-minded, Impartial and Free of distorting biases and preconceptions

Category: FIKIR KRITIS

FIKIR KRITIS #4

FIKIR KRITIS category

1. Regular naps prevent old age... especially if you take them while driving.
2. Having one child makes you a parent; having two makes you a referee.
3. Marriage is a relationship in which one person is always right and the other is the husband!
4. They said we should all pay our tax with a smile. I tried- but they wanted cash.
5. A child's greatest period of growth is the month after you've purchased new school uniforms.
6. Don't feel bad. A lot of people have no talent.
7. Don't marry the person you want to live with, marry the one you cannot live without... but whatever you do, you'll regret it later.
8. You can't buy love. . But you pay heavily for it.
10. Forgiveness is giving up my right to hate you for hurting me.
11. Bad officials are elected by good citizens who do not vote.
12. Laziness is nothing more than the habit of resting before you get tired.
13. My wife and I always compromise. I admit I'm wrong and she agrees with me.
14. Those who can't laugh at themselves leave the job to others.
15. Ladies first. Pretty ladies sooner.
16. It doesn't matter how often a married man changes his job, he still ends up with the same boss.
17. They call our language the mother tongue because the father seldom gets to speak.
18. Saving is the best thing. Especially when y parents have done it for you.
19. Wise men talk because they have something to say; fools talk because they have to say something.
20. Real friends are the ones who survive transitions between address books.

THE SEVEN DANGEROUS ACTS

DON'T ACT THE 7 ACTIONS BELOW AFTER YOU HAVE A MEAL

1. Don't smoke- Experiment from experts proves that smoking a cigarette after meal is comparable to smoking 10 cigarettes (chances of cancer is higher).

2. Don't eat fruits immediately - Immediately eating fruits after meals will cause stomach to be bloated with air. Therefore take fruit 1-2 hr after meal or 1hr before meal.

3. Don't drink tea - Because tea leaves contain a high content of acid. This substance will cause the Protein content in the food we consume to be hardened thus difficult to digest.

4. Don't loosen your belt - Loosening the belt after a meal will easily cause the intestine to be twisted & blocked.

5. Don't bathe - Bathing will cause the increase of blood flow to the hands, legs & body thus the amount of blood around the stomach will therefore decrease. This will weaken the digestive system in our stomach.

6. Don't walk about - People always say that after a meal walk a hundred steps and you will live till 99. In actual fact this is not true. Walking will cause the digestive system to be unable to absorb the nutrition from the food we intake.

7. Don't sleep immediately - The food we intake will not be able to digest properly. Thus will lead to gastric & infection in our intestine.

Psychopath Test

Read this question, come up with an answer and then scroll down to the bottom for the result. This is not a trick question. It is as it reads. No one I know has got it right.

A woman, while at the funeral of her own mother, met a guy whom she did not know. She thought this guy was amazing. She believed him to be her dream guy so much, that she fell in
love with him right there, but never asked for his number and could not find him. A few days later she killed her sister.

Question: What is her motive for killing her sister?

[Give this some thought before you answer, see answer below]
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Answer:

She was hoping the guy would appear at the funeral again. If you answered this correctly, you think like a psychopath. This was a test by a famous American Psychologist used to test if one has the same mentality as a killer.

Many arrested serial killers took part in the test and answered the question correctly.
If you didn't answer the question correctly, good for you.
If you got the answer correct, please let me know ...

Category: FIKIR KRITIS

FIKIR KRITIS #3

FIKIR KRITIS category

Decision making in the book Management Information Systems 6th edition by Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P Laudon, Prentice Hall 2000 pp109-120.

1. Levels of decision making
- Strategic Level
- Management Level
- Knowledge Level
- Operational Level

2. Types of decisions
- structured
- unstructured
- semistructured

3. Stages in decisions making – accoding to Herbert Simon
- Intelligence – when the individual collects information to identify problems
- Design – when the individual conceives of possible alternative solutions to a problem
- Choice – when the individual selects among the various solution alternatives
- Implementation – when the individual put the decision into effect and reports on the progress of the solution.

4. Individual models of decision making
- Rational Model – model of human behavior based on belief that people, organizations and nations engage in basically consistent, value maximizing calculations or adaptations within certain constraints.
- Bounded rationality – idea that people with avoid new, uncertain alternatives and stick with tried-and-true rules and procedures.
- Satisficing – choosing the first available alternative to move closer toward the ultimate goal instead of searching for all alternatives and cosequences.
- “muddling through” – method of decision making involving succesive limited comparisons where the test of a good decision is whether people agree on it.

5. Organizational models of decision making
- Bureaucratic model – model of decision making where decisions are shaped by the organizaton’s standard operating procedures (SOP).
- Political Model – model of decision making where decision result from competition and bargaining among the organization’s interset group and key leaders.
- Garbage can model – model of decision making that states that organizations are not rational and that decisions are solutions that become attached to problems for accidental reasons.


Category: FIKIR KRITIS

FIKIR KRITIS #2

FIKIR KRITIS category
A 1st grade school teacher had twenty-six students in her class. She presented each child in her classroom the 1st half of a well-known proverb and asked them to come up with the remainder of the proverb. It's hard to believe these were actually done by first graders. Their insight may surprise you. While reading, keep in mind that these are first-graders, 6-year-olds, because the last one is a classic!

FIKIR KRITIS
1. Don't change horses ................................. until they stop running.
2. Strike while the ........................................ bug is close.
3. It's always darkest before ...................... Daylight Saving Time.
4. Never underestimate the power of ....... termites.
5. You can lead a horse to water but ......... How?
6. Don't bite the hand that .......................... looks dirty.
7. No news is ................................................. impossible
8. A miss is as good as a .............................. Mr.
9. You can't teach an old dog new ............. Math
10. If you lie down with dogs, you'll ........... stink in the morning.
11. Love all, trust .......................................... Me.
12. The pen is mightier than the ................ pigs.
13. An idle mind is ........................................ the best way to relax.
14. Where there's smoke there's ................ pollution.
15. Happy the bride who ............................. gets all the presents.
16. A penny saved is .................................... not much.
17. Two's company, three's ......................... the Musketeers.
18. Don't put off till tomorrow what ........... you put on to go to bed.
19. Laugh and the whole world laughs with you, cry and ........... You have to blow your nose.
20. There are none so blind as ................... Stevie Wonder.
21. Children should be seen and not .......... spanked or grounded.
22. If at first you don't succeed .................. get new batteries.
23. You get out of something only what you ........................... See in the picture on the box
24. When the blind lead the blind .............. get out of the way.
25. A bird in the hand .................................. is going to poop on you.

And the WINNER and last one!

26. Better late than ...................................... Pregnant

Category : FIKIR KRITIS

FIKIR KRITIS #1

FIKIR KRITIS category

Rasulullah SAW bersabda: ”Orang-orang yang beriman seperti sebuah binaan yang kukuh, saling bantu membantu dan lengkap-melengkapi.” Lalu Rasulullah memasukkan jari-jari tangan kanannya di celah jari-jari kirinya dan kedua-dua belah tangan itu saling menggenggam. (riwayat al Bukhari).

Perkara penting yang dinyatakan dalam hadith ini adalah persoalan ‘teamwork’ ataupun regu kerja. Rasulullah memberikan analogi kepada teamwork yang mantap adalah seperti sebuah bangunan yang kukuh; tidak rebah di tengah panas terik atau ketika rebut petir. Salah satu virus yang boleh meruntuhkan sebuah organisasi adalah virus ‘bangau’. Seloka Melayu klasik mendendangkan virus bangau seperti di bawah:

FIKIR KRITIS

Bangau oh bangau, kenapa engkau kurus?

Macam mana aku tak kurus, ikan tak mahu timbul.

Ikan oh ikan kenapa tak mahu timbul?

Macam mana aku nak timbul, rumput panjang sangat.

Rumput oh rumput, kenapa panjang sangat?

Macam mana aku tak panjang, kerbau tak makan aku.

Kerbau oh kerbau, kenapa tak makan rumput?

Macam mana aku nak makan, perut aku sakit.

Perut oh perut, kenapa engkau sakit?

Macam mana aku tak sakit, makan nasi mentah.

Nasi oh nasi, mengapa engkau mentah?

Macam mana aku tak mentah, kayu api basah.

Kayu oh kayu mengapa engkau basah?

Macam mana aku tak basah, hujan melimpah turun.

Hujan oh hujan, mengapa engkau turun?

Macam mana aku tak turun, katak panggil aku.

Katak oh katak kenapa panggil hujan?

Macam mana aku tak panggil, ular nak makan aku.

Ular oh ular, kenapa nak makan katak?

Macam mana aku tak makan, MEMANG MAKANAN AKU.

Ya, mujurlah ular berhenti menyanyi and tidak menyalahkan orang lain. Jika ular masih mencari alasan, mungkin nama kita pun akan muncul dalam lagu ini. Pelbagai isu akan terlibat. Namun, apakah budaya ‘bangau’ ini akan menyelesaikan masalah kita?

FIKIR KRITIS

Daripada seloka tersebut ada 3 perkara yang boleh dipelajari:

Pertama: Dalam membentuk sebuah team yang kuat, cubalah jangan membiasakan diri dengan tabiat menyalahkan orang lain atau ‘taichi’untuk menyelamatkan diri sendiri. Memang dalam banyak keadaan, kita mampu menyelamatkan diri kita dan menganiayai orang lain, namun kita tidak akan mendapat apa-apa manfaat untuk penambahbaikan diri dalam jangka masa panjang. Orang yang hebat, adalah orang yang sanggup mengakui kesilapannya dan belajar serta bangkit daripada kesalahan tersebut.

Kedua: Setiap ahli pasukan mesti mempunyai mentaliti yang proaktif dan bukannya mentaliti ‘penumpang’ atau ‘pemerhati’. Seperti kata seorang motivator, “be a part of solution, not a part of problem’. Setiap warga kerja mesti bermuhasabah apakah kita menjadi liabiliti kepada rakan-rakan sepasukan yang lain ataupun kita sememangnya signifikan dalam organisasi kita. Setiap warga kerja juga perlu berasa bertanggungjawab untuk menjadi sebahagian daripada penyumbang kepada kejayaan sesebuah organisasi. Akhirnya kejayaan organisasi tersebut, menjadi kebanggaan dan kepuasan bagi setiap warga kerjanya.

Ketiga: Dalam sesebuah organisasi, kita mesti sikap saling mempercayai antara satu sama lain. Formula "we believe in each other" membentuk suasana yang harmoni dan kondusif seterusnya membentuk ‘mutual encouragement’ di kalangan setiap ahli pasukan.

FIKIR KRITIS

1. Imam Ghazali = " Apakah yang paling dekat dengan diri kita di dunia ini ?
JAWAPAN: MATI

2. Imam Ghazali = " Apa yang paling jauh dari kita di dunia ini ?"
JAWAPAN:MASA LALU

3. Imam Ghazali = " Apa yang paling besar di dunia ini ?"
JAWAPAN:HAWA NAFSU

4. Imam Ghazali = " Apa yang paling berat di dunia?
JAWAPAN: MEMEGANG AMANAH

5. Imam Ghazali = " Apa yang paling ringan di dunia ini ?"
JAWAPAN:MENINGGALKAN SOLAT

6. Imam Ghazali = " Apa yang paling tajam sekali di dunia ini?
JAWAPAN:LIDAH MANUSIA

Rasulullah SAW bersabda:
“Perumpamaan orang-orang yang berpegang kepada kebenaran dan orang-orang yang melakukan kesalahan adalah seumpama penumpang-penumpang di atas sebuah kapal yang besar. Sebahagian penumpang berada di atas kapal dan sebahagian berada di dalam perut kapal. Sekiranya orang-orang yang berada di bawah ingin mengambil air dan mereka malas untuk mengambilnya daripada bahagian atas kapal sebaliknya mereka menebuk dinding kapal dan mendapatkan air terus daripada lautan. Sekiranya orang yang berada di atas hanya melihat sahaja (tindakan menebuk dinding kapal), maka lambat laun seluruh kapal tersebut akan tenggelam, tetapi sekiranya mereka menegur dan mencegah perbuatan tersebut maka semua penumpang kapal tersebut selamat (kapal tidak karam)” (riwayat al Bukhari).

Daripada hadith ini, terserlah suatu pengajaran yang amat bermakna; budaya saling nasihat-menasihati dan sentiasa memperbaiki kelemahan diri dan rakan sepasukan akan menyumbang kepada kejayaan sesebuah organisasi. Analogi yang dibuat dalam hadith di atas sangat accurate. Sebuah kapal yang besar sekalipun, akan karam sekiranya ada antara anak kapal tersebut yang menebuk dinding kapal untuk mendapatkan air. Mungkin yang melakukan perbuatan tersebut hanya 10 orang daripada 5000 anak kapal, tetapi sekiranya 4990 orang hanya melihat perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh 10 orang tersebut akhirnya semua anak kapal berkemungkinan mati lemas.

MENEGUR DAN DITEGUR

Dalam membudayakan sifat memberi dan menerima dalam konteks memajukan diri dan organisasi, ada dua sudut yang perlu dilihat. PERTAMA: orang yang menegur atau menasihati dan KEDUA: orang yang ditegur atau dinasihati. Orang yang menegur hendaklah sentiasa ikhlas dalam menegur atau menasihati sesiapa. Janganlah teguran ini disebabkan konflik peribadi.

Ingat, teguran bukan HENTAMAN. Teguran yang ikhlas dari hati, pasti akan memberikan kesan yang membekas di hati, insha Allah. Orang yang menegur juga sebaik mungkin mencari jalan yang terbaik untuk menasihati orang yang hendak dinasihatinya supaya nasihat itu dapat disampaikan dengan berkesan. Bagi orang yang ditegur, terima sesuatu teguran dan nasihat secara positif dan konstruktif.

Analisalah setiap teguran dan nasihat yang diterima. Percayalah, kita tidak rugi sesenpun sekiranya berubah untuk memajukan sendiri. Cuma kadang-kadang ubat yang mujarab biasanya agak pahit, tetapi kesannya SUPERB!

Bagi seorang Muslim, teguran jujur dan baik yang diterima oleh seseorang itu adalah tanda kasih sayang Allah. Janganlah berdendam kepada orang yang menegur dan menasihati kita dan sekiranya teguran tersebut dirasakan tidak betul, anggaplah orang yang menegur itu punya niat yang baik walaupun tersalah. Hakikatnya kita manusia; nobody is perfect!

Category : FIKIR KRITIS